16 research outputs found
Incidence Hypergraphs: Box Products & the Laplacian
The box product and its associated box exponential are characterized for the
categories of quivers (directed graphs), multigraphs, set system hypergraphs,
and incidence hypergraphs. It is shown that only the quiver case of the box
exponential can be characterized via homs entirely within their own category.
An asymmetry in the incidence hypergraphic box product is rectified via an
incidence dual-closed generalization that effectively treats vertices and edges
as real and imaginary parts of a complex number, respectively. This new
hypergraphic box product is shown to have a natural interpretation as the
canonical box product for graphs via the bipartite representation functor, and
its associated box exponential is represented as homs entirely in the category
of incidence hypergraphs; with incidences determined by incidence-prism
mapping. The evaluation of the box exponential at paths is shown to correspond
to the entries in half-powers of the oriented hypergraphic signless Laplacian
matrix.Comment: 34 pages, 23 figures, 4 table
Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at = 7.7 - 39 GeV
A systematic study is presented for centrality, transverse momentum ()
and pseudorapidity () dependence of the inclusive charged hadron elliptic
flow () at midrapidity() in Au+Au collisions at
= 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV. The results obtained with
different methods, including correlations with the event plane reconstructed in
a region separated by a large pseudorapidity gap and 4-particle cumulants
(), are presented in order to investigate non-flow correlations and
fluctuations. We observe that the difference between and
is smaller at the lower collision energies. Values of , scaled by
the initial coordinate space eccentricity, , as a function
of are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective
flow develops in more central collisions, similar to the results at higher
collision energies. These results are compared to measurements at higher
energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( = 62.4 and 200
GeV) and at the Large Hadron Collider (Pb + Pb collisions at =
2.76 TeV). The values for fixed rise with increasing collision
energy within the range studied (). A comparison to
viscous hydrodynamic simulations is made to potentially help understand the
energy dependence of . We also compare the results to UrQMD
and AMPT transport model calculations, and physics implications on the
dominance of partonic versus hadronic phases in the system created at Beam
Energy Scan (BES) energies are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Version accepted by PR
Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV
We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the ,
, , , , ,
particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity
yields for the , , particles in Au+Au at
\sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the
production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au+Au
collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. We find that aspects of the
enhancement factors for all particles can be described by a parameterization
based on the fraction of participants that undergo multiple collisions